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--page 2-- Suicide go to page 1-
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Suicide
Eventually, he looked at the lack of cohesion of specific religious groups
and set aside the individual traits of religious believers. He was able to
demonstrate that such group properties are independent of individual traits
and consequently, need to be studied in their own right. What he did, was to
examine different rates of behavior in specified populations and the
characteristics of particular groups or changes in such characteristics.
In relation to suicide, a significant increase in a particular group
indicates therefore, that the social cohesion in that group has been
weakened and its members are no longer sufficiently protected against
existential crisis.
In order to explain regular differential rates of suicide in various
religious or occupational groupings, Durhheim studied the character of these
groups. He also examined their characteristic ways of bringing about
cohesion and solidarity among their members, deliberately overlooking the
psychological traits or motives of the component individuals because of the
variances.
Religious groups, some corporate groups as well as legal structures tended
by their deliberate structure and insistence on cohesion demonstrated a low
incidence of suicide. The structures that have high suicide rates all have
in common a relative lack of cohesion or a condition of relative
normlessness.
Rates, more than the specific incidence cooperated with a comparative
analysis of various structures, which led him to conclude, in this
procedure, that the general notion of cohesion or integration could account
for a number of differing specific rates of suicide in a variety of group
contexts. Groups, of course, differ in the degree of their integration. Some
may have a solid hold on their individual members allowing an integration
fully within their boundaries; while others may leave a great deal of leeway
for individuals, within the group's structure.
Durkheim demonstrated that suicide varies inversely with the degree of
integration. His claim was that a stronger integration of its' members,
within the group, holds the individuals under its control. He claimed this
was because people who are well integrated into a particular group are
insulated to a greater degree, from the impact of frustrations and tragedies
common to humans. Their integration renders them less likely to resort to
extreme behaviors - that would include society's interpretation of
'extreme'. A more common mind-set lends itself to a support or pressure of
its individual members, should one member be outside the structure's
boundaries.
Individualism, therefore, lends itself to an increased propensity to opt for
suicide when extreme stress is manifested in an individual. Not because the
individual has a biologic propensity to suicide but because the lack of
social structure is broken down in a particular area or areas.
Therefore, the controlling influence of society on individual propensities
is no longer effective and individuals are left to their own devices - a
state Durkheim dubbed 'anomie' a term referring to a condition of
normlessness in a whole society OR in some of its component groups. Suicide go to page 1-
2- 3-
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